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善和恶是人性中的两个基本维度。基于人性恶会导致利己行为,并会为一己之利而损害他人,因此,我们需要通过法律制度来维护正义。基于人性善会产生利他行为,使得人与人之间友爱和睦,因此,我们崇尚人类的美德品质。本文从人性出发,完整地解读了斯密思想的法律观、道德观和经济观,揭示了斯密心中完美的理想社会和人类自然秩序,阐述了斯密思想对现实社会发展的启迪和意义。文章最后揭示了为保障实现理想社会的三条自然法则:正义的法律作为人的一切行为的外在规范;公正的旁观者作为人的一切行为的内心监督;在平等和自由条件下追求自我利益。
Good and evil are two basic dimensions of human nature. Based on the evil of human nature leads to self-interest behavior, and will harm others for their own benefit, therefore, we need to maintain justice through the legal system. Based on the good nature of humanity, it will produce altruistic behavior that will make people friendly and harmonious. Therefore, we advocate the virtues of mankind. Starting from human nature, this article completely interprets Smith ’s legal concept, morality and economic concept, reveals the perfect ideal society and human natural order in Smith’ s mind, expounds the inspiration and significance of Smith ’s thought to the realistic social development. The article finally reveals three laws of nature that guarantee the realization of an ideal society: the law of justice as the external norms of all human behavior; the impartial observer as the inner supervision of all human behavior; and the pursuit of self-interest under the conditions of equality and freedom.