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河流阶地是过去的河床或河漫滩,因构造运动、气候变化和侵蚀基准面下降等原因导致河流下切侵蚀而形成的阶梯状地貌。它的形成发育和演化记录了构造活动区不同尺度的气候或构造运动状态的改变。本研究综述了河流阶地的研究历史、成因、测年与实测方法及其在活动构造研究中的应用,归纳了阶地形成过程中构造因素和气候因素的区分方法、各种阶地测年方法的适用性、阶地垂直和水平位移的测量方法,以及利用阶地定量分析活动断裂和活动褶皱的各种模型理论,指出加强对河流阶地形态、结构和时代的研究,可以获得许多活动断裂和活动褶皱的定量资料,为活动构造的地震危险性预测、工程场地的地震安全性评价以及地球动力学研究提供重要信息。
River terraces are riverbed or river floodplains in the past, which are formed by undercutting erosion caused by tectonic movements, climate change and erosion datums. Its formation and evolution record the changes of climate or tectonic movement at different scales in the tectonic activity area. This paper summarizes the research history, genesis, dating and measuring methods of river terraces and their application in the research of active tectonics, summarizes the distinguishing methods of structural and climatic factors in terraform formation, and the application of various terrains dating methods The methods of measuring vertical and horizontal displacements of terraces and terrains, as well as various models of quantitative analysis of active faults and active folds using terrains, point out that the intensification of the study on the morphology, structure and age of the terraces of rivers can provide quantitative measurements of many active faults and active folds Data, provide important information for earthquake hazard prediction of active tectonics, seismic safety assessment of engineering sites and geodynamic studies.