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利用等位酶标记和ＲＡＰＤ标记技术，对我国不同时期主栽的１５个水稻高秆品种、矮秆品种和杂交稻组合的亲缘关系及其遗传背景进行了分析。１７种酶的电泳分析共获得３４个假定位点，其中９个为多态性位点，占２６．５％；获得４３个等位基因，其中１８个为多态性等位基因。每个位点的平均等位基因数为１．２６个，每个多态性位点的平均等位基因数为２．００个。应用Ｎｅｉ＇ｓ遗传多样性统计分析表明，供试的水稻品种或组合的总基因多样性（Ｈｔ）为０．０９０，其中品种（组合）内的基因多样性（Ｈｓ）为０．０４４，而品种（组合）间的基因多样性（Ｄｓｔ）为０．０４６。基因变异系数（Ｇｓｔ）为０．５１５。ＲＡＰＤ分析表明，杂交稻组合、常规籼稻和粳稻间，其ＲＡＰＤ多态性有较大差异，分别为２８％、４８％和１２．８％。由同工酶数据计算的Ｎｅｉ＇ｓ遗传距离创建的聚类分析表明，粳稻品种自成一个聚类组；而杂交稻组合形成一个杂交稻亚组，常规籼稻品种形成常规籼稻亚组，两者形成与粳稻品种有较大差异的聚类组。ＲＡＰＤ数据的聚类分析，进一步证实了杂交稻组合、常规籼稻和粳稻间的这种分子遗传关系。研究结果表明，应用等位酶标记和ＲＡＰＤ标记技术能较好地揭示水稻品种的遗传背景、亲?
Allozyme and RAPD markers were used to analyze the genetic relationship and genetic background of 15 rice cultivars, dwarf cultivars and hybrid rice cultivars in different periods in China. A total of 34 hypothetical sites were identified by electrophoresis analysis of 17 enzymes, of which 9 were polymorphic, accounting for 26.5%. 43 alleles were obtained, of which 18 were polymorphic alleles. The average number of alleles per locus was 1.26, and the average number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.00. According to the statistical analysis of Nei’s genetic diversity, the total genetic diversity (Ht) of the rice cultivars or combinations tested was 0.090, and the genetic diversity (Hs) within the cultivars (combinations) was 0.044, The genetic diversity (Dst) between breeds (combinations) was 0.046. The coefficient of variation (Gst) was 0.515. RAPD analysis showed that the RAPD polymorphisms of hybrid rice combinations, conventional indica and japonica rice were significantly different (28%, 48% and 12.8%, respectively). Clustering analysis of Nei’s genetic distance calculated from isozyme data showed that japonica cultivars became a clustering group, whereas hybrid rice combinations formed a subgroup of hybrid rice, and conventional indica varieties formed conventional indica rice subgroups, both The formation of clustering groups and japonica varieties have greater differences. Cluster analysis of RAPD data further confirmed this molecular genetic relationship between hybrid rice combinations, conventional indica and japonica rice. The results showed that the use of allogenic enzyme markers and RAPD markers can better reveal the genetic background of rice varieties, pro?