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目的了解广州海珠区霍乱病原体O1/O139群霍乱弧菌的流行、分布状况及生物学性状,为霍乱疫情的有效防控提供科学依据。方法对2002年-2016年本区肠道门诊腹泻患者、患者接触者等疫点处理、珠江河水、饮用水、养殖水、各种水产品、市售熟食、健康人群等标本进行O1/O139群霍乱弧菌的分离培养、形态鉴别、生化鉴定及血清分型,对检出的O1群霍乱弧菌进行噬菌体-生物分型,并对检出的部分菌株进行ctx A毒力基因及tcp A毒力基因检测。结果13 385份标本中O1/O139群霍乱弧菌阳性的有84份,阳性率为0.63%。84株菌株中,O1群67株,构成比为79.8%,分属于16个不同的噬菌体-生物型,小川2f型为优势;O139群17株,构成比为20.2%。从患者分离的流行株携带ctx A毒力基因,非流行株与O139群菌株未发现携带ctx A毒力基因。结论小川型、稻叶型及O139群霍乱弧菌在本地区并存,且其传播和流行呈逐渐减弱的趋势;流行株携带ctx A毒力基因,可引发较大规模的疫情暴发,而更多的散发则是由非流行株或O139群霍乱弧菌所引发。
Objective To understand the prevalence, distribution and biological characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1 / O139 cholera in Haizhu district of Guangzhou, and to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of cholera epidemic. Methods From 2002 to 2016, samples of diarrhea patients and contact persons of patients in the gut clinic of the district were treated for the epidemic. The samples of Zhujiang River, drinking water, breeding water, various aquatic products, cooked cooked food and healthy people were collected for O1 / O139 Vibrio cholerae culture, morphological identification, biochemical identification and serotyping, Vibrio cholerae O1 group detected phage - biological typing, and some of the strains were detected ctx A virulence gene and tcp A poison Gene test. Results Among 13 385 specimens, 84 were positive for V. cholerae O1 / O139, the positive rate was 0.63%. Of the 84 strains, 67 strains were O1, accounting for 79.8%, belonging to 16 different phage-biotypes. Ogawa 2f was predominant, while O139 was 17, with a ratio of 20.2%. The ctx A virulence genes were carried by the epidemic strains isolated from the patients, while the ctx A virulence genes were not found in the non-epidemic strains and O139 group strains. Conclusion Ogawa type, Oryza sativa and O139 Vibrio cholera coexist in this area, and the spread and epidemic trend of Vibrio cholerae is gradually weakened. The epidemic strains carrying ctx A virulence gene may cause large-scale outbreak of epidemic, and more Is caused by non-epidemic strains or Vibrio cholera O139 group.