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疼痛被认为是一个不可忽视的公共健康问题，严重影响了患者的身心健康和生活质量，但其发病机制尚未完全阐明。近年来研究表明Sigma-1受体作为一种分子伴侣蛋白在疼痛的发生、发展中发挥了关键作用，成为治疗疼痛的潜在靶点。文章围绕Sigma-1受体的生理特性、在不同类型疼痛中的作用及与伤害性感觉相关离子通道的关系等方面进行综述，为疼痛的研究和治疗提供新思路。“,”Pain is considered to be a public health issue that cannot be ignored, which seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. Its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have shown that Sigma-1 receptor plays a key role in the development of pain, and has gradually become a potential target for pain treatment. This article reviews the physiological properties of Sigma-1 receptor, the role of Sigma-1 receptor in different types of pain, and its relationship with ion channels related to nociceptive sensation, so as to provide new thoughts for pain research and treatment.