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十八世纪初,欧洲文艺复兴后,各门科学已初步摆脱了神学的束缚,迈向蓬勃发展的道路。但地质学却还深深地禁锢在神学之中。 1775年,德国萨克森一所没有多大名气的串莱堡矿业学院,聘请25岁的阿伯拉罕·维尔纳任教,第一次开设地质课,从此地质学才成为一门独立的学科。维尔纳有丰富的地质知识,又有雄辩的口才,使许多本来只打算学一点矿物知识的人,
In the early eighteenth century, after the Renaissance in Europe, all the sciences have basically got rid of the shackles of theology and marched toward the vigorous development. But geology is still deeply imprisoned in theology. In 1775, Germany’s Saxony, a less famous Fortress Mining School, recruited 25-year-old Abraham Werner to teach, the first time open geology class, geology has since become an independent discipline. Werner has a wealth of geological knowledge, eloquent eloquence, so many would have intended only to learn a little mineral knowledge,