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目的探讨任务难度对精神分裂症返回抑制时间进程的影响。方法 57例符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断标准的患者(最后44例进入统计)接受线索-靶子实验。任务难度的3个水平分别为简单觉察、简单辨别和反应选择。靶子位置的2个水平分别为线索化位置和非线索化位置。线索开始呈现到靶子开始呈现的时间间隔(stimulus onset asynchrony,SOA)的3个水平分别为300 ms,700 ms,1 200 ms。记录被试的反应时和错误率。结果 (1)任务难度因素主效应显著(F=119.611,P=0.000),任务平均反应时依难度上升而逐渐延长;靶子刺激位置主效应显著(F=170.096,P=0.000),靶子在线索化位置的反应时比非线索化位置的反应时长;SOA主效应显著(F=152.124,P=0.000);任务难度与靶子位置交互作用显著(F=24.718,P=0.000);任务难度与SOA交互作用显著(F=4.023,P=0.003);靶子位置与SOA交互作用显著(F=53.347,P=0.000);任务难度、靶子位置与SOA的交互作用显著(F=2.890,P=0.023)。(2)被试患者在简单觉察任务中返回抑制出现于300 ms至1 200 ms;在简单辨别任务及反应选择任务中返回抑制出现于700 ms至1 200 ms处。各SOA水平三组任务难度的IOR值差异均有统计学意义(各SOA水平三组P值均为0.000)。结论精神分裂症患者在三种任务中均发现存在返回抑制,在简单觉察任务中返回抑制出现于300 ms,简单辨别任务、反应选择任务中出现于700 ms。任务难度对精神分裂症返回抑制时间进程存在一定的影响。
Objective To explore the effect of task difficulty on the process of schizophrenia return inhibition. Methods Fifty-seven patients who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia with ICD-10 (last 44 enrolled) received clues-target experiments. The three levels of difficulty of the task are simple observation, simple discrimination and reaction choice. The two levels of the target position are the cue position and the non-cue position, respectively. The three levels of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) from the beginning of the cue to the target were 300 ms, 700 ms and 1200 ms, respectively. Record participants’ reaction time and error rate. Results (1) The main effect of task difficulty factor was significant (F = 119.611, P = 0.000), and the task average response time gradually increased as the difficulty increased. The main effect of target stimulation position was significant (F = 170.096, P = 0.000) The main effect of SOA was significant (F = 152.124, P = 0.000); the interaction between task difficulty and target position was significant (F = 24.718, P = 0.000); task difficulty and SOA Interaction was significant (F = 4.023, P = 0.003); interaction between SOA and target position was significant (F = 53.347, P = 0.000) . (2) The test subjects returned inhibition from 300 ms to 1 200 ms for simple observation tasks and returned inhibition from 700 ms to 1 200 ms for simple discrimination tasks and reaction selection tasks. The IOR values of three groups of task difficulty in each level of SOA were statistically significant (P values of all three levels of SOA were 0.000). Conclusions Schizophrenia patients were found to have regression inhibition in all three tasks. In the simple observation task, return inhibition occurred at 300 ms, a simple discrimination task and reaction selection task occurred at 700 ms. The task difficulty has a certain impact on the process of schizophrenia return inhibition.