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目的探讨新生儿麻疹流行病学特点和临床特征,提高广大医务工作者对新生儿麻疹的认识和诊疗水平。方法对近3年来收住院治疗的16例新生儿麻疹确诊病例,进行回顾性分析。结果 16例患儿中男9例,女7例(男女比例1.29∶1),发病高峰集中在4,5月份。血清麻疹IgM抗体阳性率81.25%,热峰高于39℃12例(75.00%),并发心肌损害7例(43.75%),肠炎6例(37.50%),支气管炎肺炎4例(25.00%),肝损害1例(6.25%)。经入院后抗病毒、补充维生素、止咳平喘、防治继发感染及对症处理,所有病例皆痊愈出院,平均住院时间为8.25 d。结论近年新生儿麻疹亦有发病,与患儿母亲体内麻疹抗体抗体滴度不足有关;患儿临床病毒血症较重,易合并肠炎、支气管肺炎或心功能不全等并发症。新生儿麻疹临床预后较好。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of neonatal measles and to improve the understanding and diagnosis and treatment of neonatal measles by medical workers. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 16 newly diagnosed cases of measles in hospital in the past three years. Results Among the 16 children, 9 were males and 7 were females (the ratio of males to females was 1.29:1). The peak incidence occurred in April and May. Serum measles IgM antibody positive rate of 81.25%, hot peak higher than 39 ℃ in 12 cases (75.00%), myocardial damage in 7 cases (43.75%), enteritis in 6 cases (37.50%), bronchitis pneumonia in 4 cases (25.00% Liver damage in 1 case (6.25%). After admission, antivirus, vitamin supplementation, cough and asthma, prevention and treatment of secondary infection and symptomatic treatment, all cases were cured and discharged, the average length of stay was 8.25 d. Conclusions In recent years, the incidence of neonatal measles is also related to the lack of measles antibody titer in the mother’s mother. Children with severe clinical viraemia may be complicated by enteritis, bronchial pneumonia or cardiac insufficiency. Neonatal measles clinical prognosis is good.