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巨灾,在风险分类上属小概率大损失的保险事件,其显著特点是突发性强、影响面广和破坏性大。从字面上理解,巨灾风险就是指可能造成巨大财产损失和严重人员伤亡的风险,通常包括地震、洪水、旱灾、飓风等自然灾害引起的自然巨灾风险。20世纪70年代以来,世界范围的自然灾害和人为灾祸频繁发生,而且其损失也越来越严重,给国际保险业造成了巨大威胁。由于巨灾常常导致大量的人员伤亡和财产损失,成千上万的人无家可归,地区的经济和社会生活陷入瘫痪状态,因此巨灾问题已成为各国政府和国际社会高度关注的问题。
Catastrophe, a small probability of loss on the risk classification of insurance events, the salient features of sudden strong, wide-ranging and destructive. Literally, catastrophe risk refers to the risk of causing huge property damage and serious personal injury, usually including the natural catastrophe caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, droughts and hurricanes. Since the 1970s, natural disasters and man-made disasters in the world have been frequent occurrences and their losses have also become more and more serious, posing a huge threat to the international insurance industry. Catastrophe has become a matter of great concern to all governments and the international community because catastrophes often result in a large number of casualties and property losses, leaving thousands homeless and paralyzing the economic and social life of the region.