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目的:探讨双腿垂直跳和单腿起跳过程中,不同鞋中底屈曲刚度对运动表现,下肢髋、膝、踝、跖趾关节的运动学和动力学以及关节能量特征的影响,并藉此为更深入探索跖趾关节的运动功能和鞋具研究提供新的思路。方法:30名男性篮球运动员分别穿着鞋中底屈曲刚度大的硬底鞋和对照鞋,完成垂直跳和单腿跳两种跳跃动作,采集起跳过程中的三维运动学及地面反作用力信号,分析不同的鞋中底屈曲刚度对跖趾关节以及下肢髋、膝、踝关节的运动学、动力学和关节能量参数的影响。结果:两款鞋在跳跃高度方面的影响无显著性差异;穿着硬底鞋会显著减小垂直跳时跖趾关节的最小(最大屈)角速度(P<0.05)、增加踝关节活动度(P<0.05),同时显著增加单腿起跳蹬地时踝关节处的最大功率(P<0.05),影响该处关节能量的吸收和产生。结论:本研究所采用的硬底鞋未对即刻的跳跃高度产生显著影响,但能够在改变跖趾关节部分运动学的同时增加相邻踝关节的蹬地效果,为进一步提高运动表现提供了可能。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different midsole flexion stiffness on kinematics and kinematics and dynamics of hip, knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints and joint energy characteristics during vertical leg leaping and single leg leaping It provides a new idea for further exploring the motor function and shoe research of metatarsophalangeal joint. Methods: Thirty male basketball players, wearing hard sole shoes and control shoes with buckling stiffness at midsole respectively, completed two kinds of jumping actions, one is vertical jump and one leg jump. The three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction signals during take-off were collected and analyzed The effect of different midsole flexion stiffness on the kinematics, dynamics and joint energy parameters of metatarsophalangeal joints and lower extremity hips, knees and ankles. Results: There was no significant difference in jumping height between the two shoes; wearing hard sole shoes could significantly reduce the minimum (maximal flexion) angular velocity of metatarsophalangeal joints (P <0.05) and increase the ankle joint mobility (P <0.05). At the same time, the maximal power (P <0.05) at the ankle joint at the time of one leg kick-off was significantly increased, which affected the absorption and production of joint energy. CONCLUSIONS: The hard soled shoes used in this study did not have a significant effect on the instantaneous jump height but were able to increase the kinematics of the metatarsophalangeal joints while increasing the effect of the adjacent ankle joints, providing the potential for further improvement in performance .