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过敏性休克是全身血管张力极度下降,组织灌注严重不良,导致细胞受损及功能障碍病理状态,其通常发生突然,且剧烈,若不及时处理,常可危及生命。疫苗作为一类抗原物质,有可能引起过敏性休克。随着扩大国家免疫规划的实施,接种疫苗数量增加,出现疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)的几率增加,过敏性休克属于严重的AEFI,其发生的可能性也有所增加。本文通过中国知网及万方数据中1992~2012年期间的文献,就AEFI中过敏性休克的发生情况、致病机制、临床表现、诊断及疫苗预防接种中过敏性休克的预防和注意事项作一综述。
Anaphylactic shock is the extreme decline in systemic vascular tone, severe tissue perfusion, resulting in cell damage and dysfunction pathological state, which usually occurs suddenly and violently, if not treated, can often be life-threatening. Vaccine as a class of antigens, may cause anaphylactic shock. With the expansion of the national immunization program, the increased frequency of vaccinations and the increased risk of suspected AECI (AEFI) are associated with severe AEFI and increased likelihood of their occurrence. Based on the literature of China Net and Wanfang data from 1992 to 2012, this paper reviews the incidence of anaphylactic shock, the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and prevention of anaphylactic shock in vaccination with AEFI A review.