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地球表面的温度信号向地下传播并影响地下温度剖面,这种温度剖面可从钻孔中测量,通过分析可重建过去表面温度变化。虽然认识到表面温度变化对地下温度和热流的影响已有很长时间,但仅在20世纪80年代以后钻孔温度剖面才被广泛应用于气候变化研究。钻孔气候方法与其他重建过去气候的近似方法不同,因为它是基于温度剖面测量与过去气候,即地表温度(GST)、重构参数的直接物理联系之上的。钻孔温度气候研究方法已被证实可以重建过去地表温度趋势,并且最终可结合表面气温序列估计其预观测平均值(POMs)。钻孔温度剖面并不是地表温度的代用指标,而是地球大陆表面能量平衡的直接测量。这种地下的信号通过热扩散衰减非常快,因而对从地下温度测量数据中提取过去气候变化信息的方法施加了一个物理限制。描述由钻孔中测量的温度—深度剖面来重建GST历史的基本特征及问题。
The temperature of the Earth’s surface propagates underground and affects the subsurface temperature profile, which can be measured from boreholes and analyzed to reconstruct past surface temperature changes. Although it has been recognized for a long time that surface temperature changes have an impact on subsurface temperature and heat flow, the borehole temperature profile was widely used in climate change studies only after the 1980s. The drilling climate method is different from other approximations for reconstructing past climate because it is based on the direct physical connection between temperature profile measurements and past climate, ie, surface temperature (GST) and reconstruction parameters. Borehole temperature climatic studies have proven to be able to reconstruct past surface temperature trends and, ultimately, their pre-observed mean (POMs) can be estimated in conjunction with surface temperature sequences. The borehole temperature profile is not a proxy for surface temperature but a direct measure of the energy balance on the Earth’s surface. This underground signal is attenuated very fast by thermal diffusion, thus imposing a physical constraint on the method of extracting past climate change information from subsurface temperature measurements. Describe the basic features and problems of reconstructing GST history from the temperature-depth profiles measured in boreholes.