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《资本论》作为一部研究资本主义社会经济运动规律的政治经济学巨著,其中蕴含着丰富的马克思主义分工思想。马克思在扬弃斯密的分工理论的基础上,区分了分工的两种不同的类型并分析了社会分工与生产机构内部分工的关系;同时以分工为线索考察了资本主义生产方式在不同阶段的演进过程;揭示了工人在资本主义生产方式条件下的生存困境;主张通过发展生产力、变革生产关系、推行新式教育消除旧式分工,从而实现人的全面发展。马克思主义分工理论对于我国在新时期发挥分工的积极作用、增强我国经济发展动力、提高我国在国际分工中的地位具有重要指导意义。
As a political economy masterpiece that studies the law of capitalist social and economic movements, “capitalism” contains a wealth of Marxist ideas of division of labor. On the basis of abandoning Smith’s theory of division of labor, Marx distinguishes two different types of division of labor and analyzes the relationship between social division of labor and the partial division of labor within the production organization. At the same time, taking Marx’s division of labor as the clue, he examines the evolution of capitalist mode of production in different stages The process reveals the survival predicament of workers under the capitalist mode of production. It advocates the realization of the all-round development of people by developing the productive forces, changing the relations of production, and pushing the new education to eliminate the old division of labor. The theory of division of labor in Marxism plays an important guiding role in giving play to the active role of our country in dividing labor in a new era, strengthening the motive force of economic development in our country and increasing our country’s status in the international division of labor.