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我们在流域管理中引入了一种新方法,即利用尖端的遥感技术来计量蒸发蒸腾量(ET技术),在塔里木盆地二期项目中首次采用了这种方法且取得了成功,随之在半干旱地区的水资源保护项目中也推广了这种方法(如全球环境基金GEF的海河流域水资源和环境综合管理项目),最近正将这种方法逐渐推广到干旱地区,如新疆吐鲁番盆地的水资源保护项目。遥感监测ET技术能计量农业、工业等不同用水行业的用水量。该技术引入之前各类用水行业的用水量难以计算,然而现在根据该技术所估算的数据,可以较准确地计量和监控流域尺度的水平衡,不同用水户的用水量也是如此。ET分析可以得到既能满足保护流域生态系统又能满足不同用水户持续用水需求的最大用水量。有了这些数据,管理部门可以更好地分配用水量。这是遥感监测ET技术第一次被用来有效地控制耗水量。传统方法是计量消耗性用水量而不是实际用水量,因此不能有效地控制过度用水。遥感技术有助于蒸发蒸腾量或各类用水行业实际用水量的计量、监测和评估。该方法基于以下观点:只有在用户耗水量减少且蒸发蒸腾量(地面蒸发,叶面散发等)或排入海洋等不可利用水体的水量减小时,水才能被节约。ET系统可以提供利用遥感技术得到的数据,对河流和水的利用水平进行分析,进而将不同用水户的允许耗水量和配水额联系起来。然后用水户就必须严格按照配水额来限制自己的用水量。如果实际用水量(实测值)超过配水额,系统会通知用水管理部门,用水户会被强制要求减少用水量。在此之前,农业灌溉、生态系统和环境的实际耗水量是无法大范围观测的。该方法可用于控制任何干旱或半干旱地区的过度用水,以维持恢复生态系统和保护环境所需水资源量。
We have introduced a new approach to watershed management that uses state-of-the-art remote sensing to measure evapotranspiration (ET), the first such success in the Tarim Basin Phase II project, and the success in the half This approach is also being promoted in water conservation projects in arid areas (such as the GEF Hai Basin Water and Environment Integrated Management Project) and this approach is being gradually extended to arid regions such as water in the Turpan Basin in Xinjiang Resource Conservation Project. Remote sensing monitoring ET technology can measure the water consumption of different water industries such as agriculture and industry. However, based on the data estimated by this technology, the water balance at the basin scale can be measured and monitored more accurately. The same is true for different water users. ET analysis can provide the maximum amount of water that meets both the need to conserve watershed ecosystems and sustainably meet the needs of different water users. With this data, management can better allocate water usage. This is the first time that remote sensing monitoring ET technology has been used to effectively control water consumption. The traditional method is to measure the consumption of water rather than the actual amount of water, and therefore can not effectively control excessive water use. Remote sensing technology contributes to the measurement, monitoring and assessment of evapotranspiration or the actual water consumption of various types of water industries. The method is based on the idea that water can be saved only if the user’s water consumption is reduced and the amount of evapotranspiration (ground evaporation, leaf foliage, etc.) or the amount of water that is not available to the ocean is reduced. The ET system can provide data from remote sensing technology to analyze river and water utilization levels, thereby linking the allowable water consumption of different water users with the amount of water allocated. Then water users must be strictly in accordance with the amount of water to limit their own water consumption. If the actual water usage (measured value) exceeds the water quota, the system will inform the water management department and the user will be forced to reduce water consumption. Prior to this, the actual water consumption of agricultural irrigation, ecosystems and the environment was not observable on a large scale. This method can be used to control excessive water use in any arid or semi-arid areas to sustain the amount of water needed to restore ecosystems and protect the environment.