Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasm worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Liver transplantation (LT), which offers the theoretical advantage of removing both the tumor and the organ that are at risk of developing future malignancy, is an established therapy for HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis. A shortage of cadaveric organs for transplantation continues to impair our ability to provide LT despite progress in surgical techniques and immunosuppression. Therefore, it is important to allocate the deceased donor livers with excellent results, and to ensure reasonable outcome for living donors who need to undergo invasive surgery.