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目的了解辽宁省鼠类种群构成、季节消长和不同生境鼠密度情况,为制订鼠类防控方案提供科学依据。方法城镇设置居民区和特殊行业2种类型监测点,农村设置村内和村外2种类型监测点,采用夹夜法进行鼠密度监测。结果 2009-2013年辽宁全省共布放鼠夹506 806夹次,有效夹485 792夹次,捕获鼠类7548只,平均鼠密度为1.55%,农村(2.25%)远高于城市(0.93%),自然村(2.25%)>特殊行业(1.09%)>居民区(0.78%);总体鼠密度、各年间鼠密度和不同生境鼠密度季节消长均呈典型的双峰型曲线,在4-5月和9-10月出现2个密度高峰;褐家鼠为辽宁省优势鼠种。结论 2009-2013年鼠密度呈小幅升高趋势,鼠密度季节消长均呈典型的双峰型曲线;农村鼠密度应重点防控。鼠类防控应根据其季节消长特点,在2个密度高峰期采取综合性防制措施降低鼠密度,达到控制鼠传疾病目的。
Objective To understand the population structure, seasonal fluctuation and density of rodents in Liaoning Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of rodent prevention and control programs. Methods Two types of monitoring sites were set up in residential areas and special industries in urban areas. Two types of monitoring sites were set up in the village and outside the village. The nighttime density monitoring method was used. Results A total of 506 806 mouse clips were placed in Liaoning province during 2009-2013. There were 7548 valid mouse clips captured and 7548 mice were captured. The average rat density was 1.55% while that of rural (2.25%) was much higher than that of urban (0.93%). , Natural villages (2.25%), special industries (1.09%) and residential areas (0.78%). The overall rodent density, annual rodent densities and rodent densities in different habitats all showed a typical bimodal curve. And two density peaks appeared in September-October. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in Liaoning Province. Conclusion The rat density increased slightly from 2009 to 2013. The seasonal fluctuation of rat density showed a typical bimodal curve. The density of rat in rural areas should be prevented and controlled. Rodent control should be based on the characteristics of its seasonal growth and decline in the two density peaks to take comprehensive control measures to reduce the density of rats to achieve the purpose of controlling rodent disease.