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一、核外电子排布所遵守的规则 多电子原子的核外电子排布是有规律的,首先是电子按层排布,而且每层最多容纳的电子数为2n~2个;其次,最外层电子数不得超过8个,而次外层的电子数则不能超过18个。这些规律是从实验和周期律总结出来的,核外电子的排布服从如下的三个规则: 1、能量最低原理:核外电子的排布将尽可能使体系的能量最低。因此,电子首先排布在能量最低的轨道上,最低轨道排满后,电子再进入能量较高的轨道。
1. Rules to be observed in the arrangement of nuclear external electrons: The electrons outside the core of a multi-electron atom are arranged regularly. The first is that electrons are arranged in layers, and the maximum number of electrons per layer is 2n~2; second, the most The number of electrons in the outer layer must not exceed eight, and the number of electrons in the subsurface must not exceed eighteen. These laws are summed up from experiments and periodic laws. The arrangement of nuclear electrons obeys the following three rules: 1. The principle of energy minima: The arrangement of nuclear electrons will make the energy of the system as low as possible. Therefore, the electrons are first arranged on the lowest energy orbit, and after the lowest orbit is full, the electrons enter the higher energy orbit again.