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干旱区平原水库蒸发强烈,采用物理覆盖技术来抑制平原水库的无效蒸发,可节约更多的水资源。采用20m2蒸发池的蒸发试验与抑制水面蒸发试验,评价苯板覆盖抑制水面蒸发的效率,同时进行苯板覆盖技术的示范研究。结果显示,苯板覆盖以后水面的平均抑制率可达51.25%,合理的苯板连接和固定方式可以有效地消减平原水库的无效蒸发。以能量平衡原理为理论基础,综合彭曼法分别建立了适合干旱区平原水库不同时期覆盖水面的抑制蒸发计算模型。最后通过随机选取的测站月气象资料对抑制水面蒸发计算模型进行了验证。计算结果表明模型误差较小,抑制水面蒸发计算模型在月时间尺度上较为精确。
Arid plains reservoir evaporation is strong, using physical coverage technology to inhibit the invalid reservoir evaporation, can save more water. Evaporation test and inhibition of water surface evaporation test of 20m2 evaporation pond were used to evaluate the efficiency of benzene coating to restrain evaporation on the water surface. At the same time, the demonstration of the technology of benzene plate covering was carried out. The results showed that the average inhibition rate of water surface after the coating of benzene board was up to 51.25%. The rational connection and fixing method of benzene board could effectively reduce the ineffective evaporation of plain reservoirs. Based on the energy balance principle, the Pengmeng method was used to establish the calculation model of inhibition evaporation for different periods of plain reservoirs in arid area. Finally, the calculation model of water surface evaporation inhibition was validated by randomly selected meteorological data of stations. The calculation results show that the model error is smaller and the calculation model of surface water vapor suppression is more accurate on the monthly time scale.