战后,马歇尔计划(Marshall Plan)的欧洲复兴方案(European Recovery Program)及其强大的政治动力,使社会产生了难以估量的变化。这种变化要比文艺复兴之后三个世纪中的变化更为深刻(一些人将战后的这一时期称作“第二次复兴”)。马歇尔计划不但影响了意大利的经济,也使社会结构发生了根本变化。迅速现代化的激烈过程深刻影响了“高层次的”、以及大众文化的旧框框,除了正规机构以外的一切都发生了变化;而这些机构则不断地对变革表现出强烈的对抗。 After the war, the Marshall Plan’s European Recovery Program and its strong political motivation have caused immeasurable changes in society. This change is more profound than the changes of the three centuries after the Renaissance (some called the post-war period “second revival”). The Marshall Plan not only affected Italy’s economy, but also fundamentally changed its social structure. The intense process of rapid modernization has profoundly affected the “high-level” as well as the old framework of popular culture, with the exception of the formal ones, which have been constantly changing;