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神经性毒剂属于胆碱酯酶抑制剂类有机磷化合物,主要包括梭曼、沙林、塔崩、维埃克斯(VX)等,这类化合物的毒性极大,被认为是最危险的化学战剂。神经性毒剂中毒的治疗主要根据中毒症状,采用抗胆碱能药物、重活化剂、抗惊厥药物等联合用药,但是其中起根本解毒作用的药物主要是重活化剂,这类药物主要是通过被神经性毒剂抑制的乙酰胆碱酯酶重活化而达到治疗目的。该文对神经性毒剂的作用机制及抗神经性毒剂药物作用的主要环节,经典重活化剂的化学结构与相应的抗毒作用、体内外效应和代谢参数等进行了综述。
Neurotoxic agents belong to the class of cholinesterase inhibitors organophosphorus compounds, including soman, sarin, tabun, Vix (VX), etc., these compounds are highly toxic, is considered to be the most dangerous chemical War agent. The treatment of neurotoxic agents mainly based on the symptoms of poisoning, the use of anticholinergic drugs, reactivation agents, anticonvulsants and other combination drugs, but among the drugs that play a fundamental role in detoxification is mainly reactivating agents, these drugs mainly through Neurotoxic agents inhibit the reactivation of acetylcholinesterase for therapeutic purposes. In this paper, the mechanism of action of neurotoxic agents and the main part of anti-neurotoxic agents are reviewed. The chemical structure of classical activators and corresponding antitoxic effects, in vitro and in vivo effects and metabolic parameters are reviewed.