论文部分内容阅读
本试验利用结荚习性不同的3个栽培大豆(G.max)作母本,以株高不同的2个野生大豆(G.soja)和2个半野生大豆(G.gracilis)作父本配制的12个杂交组合和8个回交组合,研究克服种间杂种蔓生、小粒等不良性状的技术。研究结果表明:选用植株较矮、主茎较粗、百粒重较大的有限、亚有限性栽培种作母本;选用植株较矮、百粒重较大的野生种作父本将有利于克服种间杂种蔓生、小粒等不良性状;野生亲本的选择似乎更为重要。从克服种间杂种蔓生、小粒等不良性状来看,选用半野生大豆作亲本更为有效。只有从直立、半直立植株的后代中才有可能分离出稳定的直立型材料。百粒重的遗传进度较小,对其进行选择似乎效果不明显。在F_3代进行选择性回交可以大幅度提高其后代直立、半直立型植株的分离频率和百粒重。只要亲本选配适当,仅需一次回交即可克服种间杂种蔓生、小粒的不良性状。我们从一次选择性回交的后代中已获得栽培型、百粒重20克以上,产量较高的优良品系。
In this study, G. majus cultivars with different pod habit were used as female parent and two wild soybean (G. soja) and two semi-wild soybean (G.gracilis) Of 12 hybrid combinations and 8 backcross combinations to study the techniques of overcoming the trait of crossbreed hybrids and small grains. The results showed that the selection of the limited and sub-limited cultivars with smaller plants and thicker main stems as the female parent of the 100-kernel weight, Overcoming interspecific hybrids, small grains and other undesirable traits; the choice of wild parents seems to be more important. From overcoming interbreeding hybrids, small grains and other undesirable traits, the selection of semi-wild soybean as the parent is more effective. It is only possible to isolate stable upright materials from the offspring of upright and semi-erect plants. 100-grain weight less genetic progress, the choice of its effect seems to be not obvious. Selective backcrossing in the F_3 generation can greatly improve the frequency and the hundred kernel weight of the offspring of upright and semi-erect plants. As long as the parent matching is appropriate, only one backcross can overcome the interspecific hybrids, small grains of bad traits. We have obtained cultivars from a selective backcross of descendants, producing superior lines with more than 20 grams of grain weight and high yield.