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60年代初,有人发现有些局部化疗的皮肤癌患者对化疗剂发生了迟发性变态反应,其癌肿消退最为明显。因此,有人开始了卡介苗的临床试验,获得了一定的效果。这有力地推动了肿瘤免疫治疗的理论研究和临床试验的迅速发展。由于卡介苗的免疫效果随菌株、死菌数、死菌/活菌比例的不同而异,难以标准化;且有使癌肿患者发生重症接种后卡介苗菌感染的高度危险,以及其它副作用,近年来人们开始对无上述缺点的小棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium parvum死菌苗下称小棒菌)等倍加重视,开始了大量的深入研究。
In the early 1960s, it was discovered that some patients with local chemotherapy for skin cancer had delayed allergic reactions to chemotherapeutic agents, and their cancer regression was most pronounced. Therefore, some people started clinical trials of BCG and obtained certain results. This powerfully promoted the rapid development of theoretical research and clinical trials of tumor immunotherapy. Because the immune effects of BCG are different depending on the strain, the number of dead bacteria, and the proportion of dead bacteria/live bacteria, it is difficult to standardize; and there is a high risk of BCG infection after severe vaccination of cancer patients, and other side effects, people in recent years We began to pay considerable attention to the Corynebacterium parvum (Bacillus sp.