计算是人类自诞生以来最基本的思维活动之一。人类制造和使用计数、计算工具的历史源远流长 ,从上古时代“结绳而治” ,到珠算盘的产生 ,直至１７世纪随着数学、物理学、天文学、机械制造等科学技术的发展又产生了可用于实际加减运算的机械计算机 (帕斯卡机 )。到２０世纪中叶 Computation is one of the most basic thinking activities since human beings were born. The history of computing tools has a long history of making and using human computing. From the “ruling the knot” in ancient times to the abacus of abacus, until the 17th century, with the development of science and technology such as mathematics, physics, astronomy and mechanical manufacture, Can be used for the actual addition and subtraction of mechanical computer (Pascal machine). By the middle of the 20th century