本文通过对城市居民节水行为的效益分析,分析了居民节水行为存在的外部效益以及外部效益对居民节水行为的影响,运用经济学的理论探讨了城市节水外部性消除的经济政策,并对有利于城市居民节水行为外部效益内部化的阶梯水价结构进行了探讨,提出实施阶梯水价是促进居民节水的有效手段。 Based on the analysis of the benefit of urban residents’ water-saving behavior, this paper analyzes the external benefit of residents’ water-saving behavior and the impact of external benefit on residents’ water-saving behavior. Using economic theory, the paper discusses the economic policy of eliminating external water- In addition, the paper discusses the structure of the water price ladder which is beneficial to the internalization of external benefits of water saving for urban residents. It is suggested that the implementation of the water price ladder is an effective measure to promote water saving.