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目的:通过术前经阴道超声尿道造影与术中发现相比较,评估经阴道超声尿道造影在诊断女性尿道憩室(UD)中的价值.方法:于2010年7月～2016年4月期间通过病史询问和体格检查可疑为UD者行经阴道超声尿道造影,共确诊女性UD患者30例,全部患者均入院接受了经阴道尿道憩室切除术.记录经阴道超声尿道造影检查关于憩室形态、大小、数目、憩室口位置及数目等指标与术中发现相比较.结果:13例(43.3％)患者通过查体明确诊断,17例(56.7％)患者通过经阴道超声尿道造影检查明确诊断.大部分憩室位于中段尿道后外侧壁.经阴道超声尿道造影检查共窥察到37个憩室口,其中7例有2个憩室口,23例仅有1个憩室口.术前经阴道超声尿道造影检查结果与术中发现基本一致.结论:临床上对保守治疗无效的慢性下尿路症状和反复泌尿道感染者应考虑UD诊断.经阴道超声尿道造影诊断UD具有较高的敏感性和准确性,是诊断和评估UD一种理想的检查手段.“,”Objective:To investigate the value of transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography for diagnosis of female urethral diverticulum (UD) by comparing results between contrast-enhanced ultrasound images and surgical findings.Method:History and physical examination were initially assessed and transvaginal contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging was performed for suspicious UD cases from July 2010 to April 2016.Thirty UD cases were identified by transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography and subsequently underwent transvaginal diverticulectomy.Data on the configuration,size,location and opening of the UD were documented and then compared with the surgical findings.Results Thirteen cases (43.3％) were diagnosed as UD based on physical examination,while the other 17 cases (56.7％) were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Most diverticulums were located in the mid-urethra and involved the posterolateral wall.In total,37 orifices were revealed,in which 7 patients had two orifices and 23 patients had a single orifice.Transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography correlated well with surgical findings.Conclusion:The diagnosis of UD should be considered in women with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms,recurrent UTI not responding to conservative therapy.Transvaginal contrastenhanced sonourethrography is a useful tool for UD diagnosis and evaluation with high sensitivity and accuracy.