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渍水(种子上3cm水层)条件下,萌动种子活力的受害程度、临界时间与温度有关,相对高温下,种子受害加速,受害临界时间也提前。大豆生育的不同阶段根际渍水,产量均有大幅度下降。供试22个大豆品种(品系)在V_3、R_1、R_3和R_5期开始渍水15天的平均结果,分别减产35.1、40.2、38.3和36.9％。营养生长阶段渍水,株高下降、茎重减少,健壮“骨架”形成受阻造成单株粒数减少。开花期渍水,大量落花和成荚率减少影响单株粒数。结荚阶段渍水,因大量落荚,而影响单株粒数。鼓粒期渍水,一是开始鼓粒的种子因停止其发育而造成秕粒,二是鼓粒旺期的种子生长受阻而百粒重严重下降。总之,V_3、R_1、R_3和R_5期开始渍水的处理,减产均与其单株粒数的减少呈显著正相关。相关系数(r)分别为0.957、0.935、0.930和0.480。渍水还造成大豆对根际缺氧环境的适应性变化:如水中茎的增粗、大量增生气生根。随着气生根的生长发育,地上部,尤其是叶色逐渐有所恢复。大豆萌动种子受害临界及生育期根际渍水,对产量的胁迫存在着显著的品种间差异。品种内时间不同生育期的耐渍水性也不一致,这就给选育耐渍水大豆材料提供了成功的可能。
Under the condition of waterlogging (3cm water layer on the seed), the degree of damage of the germinating seed vigor, the critical time is related to the temperature. Under the relative high temperature, the damage of the seed is accelerated and the critical time of victimization is earlier. Rhizosphere waterlogging during different stages of soybean growth has significantly decreased. Twenty-two soybean cultivars (lines) averaged 35.1, 40.2, 38.3, and 36.9% reduction in waterlogging for 15 days at V_3, R_1, R_3 and R_5, respectively. During vegetative growth, waterlogging, plant height decreased, stem weight decreased, and the formation of robust “skeleton” was blocked, resulting in the reduction of grain number per plant. Waterlogging at flowering stage, a large number of falling flowers and pods reduced the number of single grain. Waterlogging during the podding stage, due to a large number of falling pods, while affecting the number of grains per plant. Drum grain waterlogging, one is the beginning of the seeds of the drum due to stop the development caused by tablets, and second, the growth of the drum grain growth period blocked and 100 serious decline in weight. In conclusion, the treatment of waterlogging at the beginning of V_3, R_1, R_3 and R_5 treatments was significantly and positively correlated with the reduction of grain number per plant. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.957, 0.935, 0.930 and 0.480, respectively. Waterlogging also causes the adaptability of soybeans to rhizosphere anoxic environments such as thickening of stems in water and massive accretion of aerial roots. With the growth of aerial roots, the aerial parts, especially the leaf color, have gradually recovered. Soybean germinating seeds critical damage and growth during rhizosphere waterlogging, there are significant differences in the yield of different varieties. Waterlogging resistance at different growth stages is also inconsistent within the variety, which offers the possibility of success in the breeding of water-resistant soybeans.