兴起于 18世纪中后期的洋学 ,是从学习西洋近代科学起步的 ,之后逐渐发展为研究西方的社会思想 ,进而对封建幕府进行了尖锐的批判 ,并提出以西方方式解决日本面临的内外危机 ,从而增加了洋学的社会批判功能。至开国前夕 ,洋学塾遍布日本各地 ,培养了数以万计的塾生 ,为明治近代化运动储备了社会中坚力量。如果能正视这段洋学史 ,对日本近代的“飞跃” ,就不会觉得那么神秘了 The rise of Western learning in the middle and later stages of the eighteenth century started from the study of Western modern science and gradually developed into the study of Western social thoughts. In the end, the foreign scholars conducted a sharp criticism of the feudal shogunate and proposed to solve the internal and external crisis faced by Japan in a western way. Thus increasing the social studies critical function of foreign studies. By the eve of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, foreign private supplementary schools spread all over Japan and trained tens of thousands of students, saving the backbone of the society for the Meiji Modernization Movement. If we can face up to this history of foreign countries, it will not feel so mysterious to Japan’s “leap” in modern times