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为详细了解大白菜在不同发育阶段的耐盐能力,对耐盐性较好的大白菜品种‘橘红65’进行盐处理(100~400 mmol·L-1Na Cl)。实验结果显示,‘橘红65’的种子虽然能够在300~400 mmol·L-1 Na Cl条件下萌发,但发芽较慢,难以生长。在对白菜幼苗进行盐处理的早期(7 d),‘橘红65’幼苗也能耐受300~400 mmol·L-1 Na Cl,不过长势较慢。盐处理中期,300~400mmol·L-1 Na Cl处理的植株叶片开始萎蔫黄化,光合能力急剧下降,生长停滞。盐处理2个月后,300~400 mmol·L-1 Na Cl处理的植株全部死亡,100~200 mmol·L-1 Na Cl处理的植株则可健康存活,只是长势显著缓于对照。进入生殖生长期,‘橘红65’在100 mmol·L-1 Na Cl条件下能正常结球、开花、结实;200 mmol·L-1 Na Cl处理的植株能抽薹开花,但不能结球,且花朵败育、不能结实。光合能力下降是盐抑制白菜生长的重要原因,盐处理早期‘橘红65’光合能力的迅速下降主要是由于气孔因素造成的,光系统并没有受到明显破坏;而长期高浓度盐处理后,Na+在叶片内积累过高,导致光系统受到明显破坏,叶片失去光合功能,进而导致植物死亡。因此,‘橘红65’虽能够在200 mmol·L-1 Na Cl条件下长期生长,但只能在0~100 mmol·L-1 Na Cl条件下完成生活史。这些结果对于了解大白菜耐盐性和大白菜的盐碱地栽培具有一定的参考意义。
In order to know more about the ability of salt-tolerance of Chinese cabbage at different developmental stages, salt-treated Chinese cabbage variety ’Orange-65’ (100-400 mmol·L-1Na Cl) with good salt tolerance was prepared. The experimental results showed that although the seed of ’Orange-65’ germinated under the condition of 300-400 mmol·L-1 NaCl, the germination was slow and hard to grow. In the early stage of salt treatment of cabbage seedlings (7 d), ’Orange-red 65’ seedlings were also able to tolerate 300-400 mmol·L-1 NaCl, but grew slowly. During salt treatment, the leaves of plants treated with 300 ~ 400 mmol·L -1 NaCl began to wilting and yellowing, photosynthetic abilities decreased sharply and the growth was stagnated. After two months of salt treatment, all the plants treated with 300-400 mmol·L -1 NaCl all died, while the plants treated with 100-200 mmol·L -1 NaCl survived, but the growth was significantly slower than the control. Into the reproductive growth phase, ’Orange and Red 65’ in 100 mmol·L-1 Na Cl under the conditions of the normal ball, flowering, fruiting; 200 mmol·L -1 Na Cl treatment plants can bolting flowering, but not the ball, and Flowers abortion, can not be strong. The decrease of photosynthetic capacity was the main reason for the salt inhibition of cabbage growth. The rapid decline of photosynthetic capacity of ’Orange 65’ in the early salt treatment was mainly due to stomatal factors, but the light system was not significantly damaged. After long-term high concentration salt treatment, Na + Accumulation in leaves is too high, resulting in significant damage to the light system, loss of photosynthetic function of leaves, which in turn leads to plant death. Therefore, ’Orange-red 65’ can grow long-term under the condition of 200 mmol·L-1 Na Cl, but can only complete the life history under the condition of 0-100 mmol·L -1 NaCl. These results have some reference significance for understanding salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage and cultivation of saline-alkali soil of Chinese cabbage.