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一、风险的含义从传统意义上看,对风险的认识包含以下几个方面:(1)风险是一种不确定性。对于不确定性,有人认为风险是一种客观存在的不确定性(威雷特、奈特,1901);也有人认为不确定性虽然是客观的,对所有人而言在一定环境下以同样的程度存在,但是不确定性是人们对风险程度的主观判断,这就导致不同的人对同一风险的认识可能不同(威廉、汉斯,1964)。(2)风险是与预期的差异程度。80年代初,日本学者武井勋在前人研究的基础上认为“风险是在特定环境下、特定时期
First, the meaning of risk Traditionally, the understanding of risk includes the following aspects: (1) Risk is an uncertainty. For the uncertainty, some people think that risk is an objective existence of uncertainty (Willet, Knight, 1901); some people think that although the uncertainty is objective, for all in a certain environment with the same However, uncertainty is a subjective judgment of the degree of risk, which leads to different people may have different understanding of the same risk (William, Hans, 1964). (2) the degree of risk is different from the expected. In the early 1980s, Japanese scholar Takehiko Akira, based on previous studies, held that ”the risk is that under certain circumstances and for a specific period