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1948年,Farber等用氨喋呤治疗小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)获得暂时缓解,开创了小儿癌症化学疗法的时代。近20年来,癌症的化疗有了更迅速的发展。当今,ALL已不再认为是不治之症,小儿ALL5年以上的存活和无病率已超过50％。这是由于以下因素所导致的: 1.认识了ALL的一些高危因素,对有高危因素的ALL患者,采取了更为强烈的和延长的诱导巩固治疗。 2.诱导缓解和维持缓解都采用了联合化疗。 3.对白血病细胞的庇护部位如中枢神经系统(CNS)作预防性治疗。 4.强有力的,积极的支持疗法。 ALL的高危因素所谓高危因素,就是某些ALL患儿在最初就诊时具有的一些临床和实验室的特
In 1948, Farber and other treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) obtained temporary relief, creating an era of pediatric cancer chemotherapy. In the past 20 years, the chemotherapy of cancer has developed more rapidly. Today, ALL is no longer considered an incurable disease, and ALL5 has had more than 50% of all life and body diseases ever since. This is due to the following factors: 1. Recognizing some of the risk factors for ALL, a more aggressive and prolonged induction and consolidation therapy has been adopted for ALL patients with high-risk factors. Induction of remission and maintenance of remission are used in combination chemotherapy. 3. Preventive treatment of leukemia cells, such as the central nervous system (CNS). 4. Strong, active supportive therapy. The risk factors for ALL The so-called risk factors, some of ALL children with initial clinical visits with some clinical and laboratory special