20世纪80年代中期以来,与快速的全球化和新信息技术传播相应地,特别是随着内生增长理论的问世,人力资本和技术进步日益被视为经济增长的引擎。而现实中,普遍存在的技术短缺和创新不足问题逐渐引起研究者和政策制定者的关注。在“市场失灵”和“政府失灵”两大理论背景下,有关技术获得与创新应选择什么样的路径,在西方学界引发了一场旷日持久的论争,参与论争的有市场捍卫者、干预论者和中间派学者。虽然各方迄今尚未达成一致的意见,但论争有助于我们加深对问题的理解,并寻求可行性的解决方案。 Correspondingly, since the mid-1980s, with the advent of rapid globalization and the spread of new information technologies, especially with the advent of endogenous growth theory, human capital and technological progress have increasingly been considered engines of economic growth. In reality, the problems of ubiquitous technology shortage and lack of innovation gradually attract the attention of researchers and policy makers. Under the two theoretical backgrounds of “market failure ” and “government failure ”, what path should be chosen for the acquisition and innovation of technology has triggered a protracted argument in western academia. There are market defenders involved in the debate , Interventionist and middle school scholars. Although all parties have so far not reached a consensus, the debate helps us to deepen our understanding of the issue and to find a viable solution.