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失业是现代经济运行当中的一种经济社会现象。从宏观方面分析,它反映的是劳动力供给大于经济发展对就业岗位的需求;而从微观角度观察,则是劳动者与生产资料处于分离状态和无法有效结合。改革开放以来,特别是90年代以来,随着计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转变,经济结构和产业结构的调整,以及现代企业制度的推行,失业这一经济社会现象开始被人们所认识,并逐渐成为经济发展过程中的一个很自然的事物。
Unemployment is an economic and social phenomenon in the operation of the modern economy. From a macro perspective, it reflects that the supply of labor is greater than the demand of economic development for jobs; and from the microscopic point of view, workers are separated from the means of production and can not be effectively combined. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, with the transition of the planned economic system to the market economy, the adjustment of economic structure and industrial structure, and the implementation of the modern enterprise system, the economic and social phenomena of unemployment have begun to be recognized and It has gradually become a natural thing in the process of economic development.