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15世纪中叶至17世纪初,约当都铎王朝统治时期(1485—1603),英国处在资本主义生产发展的初期阶段,工场手工业和租地农场制产业,它的进一步发展和繁荣是以贸易的扩张为前提。在这个时期里,尤其是自16世纪中叶以后,英国的商业和海上势力的拓展是迅速而无敌的,对整个社会经济的发展具有举足轻重的影响。在这过程中,商人的势力也随之发展壮大起来。恩格斯指出:在15世纪,市民已“成为体现着进一步发展生产、贸易、教育、社会制度和政治制度的阶级,”对社会来说,他们“已经比封建贵族更为必要了。”①这里所
During the period from the middle of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century when the Tudor was under rule (1485-1603), the United Kingdom was in the early stage of capitalist production development, factory handicraft industry and rental farm industry. Its further development and prosperity were based on trade The expansion of the premise. During this period, especially since the middle of the 16th century, the expansion of Britain’s commerce and maritime forces has been rapid and invincible, with a pivotal impact on the entire social and economic development. In the process, the forces of businessmen also grew stronger. Engels pointed out: In the 15th century, citizens had “become the classes embodying the further development of production, trade, education, social systems, and political systems.” For the society, they are “more necessary than feudal nobility.” ① Here