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为研究地铁车站在危险源突发事件条件下乘客主观能动性和外界环境对疏散过程的影响,结合危险源场景特征对乘客疏散过程进行社会力分析,建立基于危险源的社会力模型.模型考虑了乘客的主观能动性,调整自驱动力中期望速度大小和方向的确定方法及更新规则,并针对外界环境的影响,引入危险源对乘客的排斥力.以上海地铁某车站站台层为场景进行算例应用及分析,仿真结果表明:模型能较好地模拟危险源突发事件下乘客疏散过程.为减少疏散时间,车站疏散组织工作要安排乘客合理绕行,控制危险源范围,当车站密度小时,要提高乘客期望速度,而车站密度大时,则要提高瓶颈的通行效率.
In order to study the subjective initiative of passengers and the impact of external environment on the evacuation process of subway stations under emergency conditions of dangerous sources, the social force analysis of passenger evacuation process is carried out based on the characteristics of dangerous source scene, and a social force model based on hazard sources is established. Passenger’s subjective initiative, adjust the method of determining the expected speed and direction of self-driving force and update rules, and introduce the repulsive force of passengers to passengers in the light of the impact on the external environment. Application and analysis, the simulation results show that the model can better simulate the passenger evacuation process under the emergency of dangerous source.In order to reduce the evacuation time, the station evacuation organization should arrange the reasonable bypass of passengers and control the scope of danger source. When the station density is small, To increase passenger expectations, while the station density, it is necessary to improve the bottleneck of the traffic efficiency.