在上面几讲中,我们对圆柱类形的几何形状误差,已经作了比较详细的分析,但有许多工件,是由许多单独的几何形状组成的,因此,还有相互位置的偏差。例如图1的齿轮,在相互位置方面就有:1)齿轮的节圆对孔轴线同心度的偏差;2)齿轮端面对孔中心线垂直度的偏差(端面摆动)。再如图2的机床变速箱,除了要求各孔的圆度外,在相互位置精度上还要求: In the above remarks, we have made a more detailed analysis of the geometrical shape error of cylindrical shapes, but many workpieces consist of many individual geometries, and therefore, there is a deviation from each other’s position. For example, the gears of FIG. 1 have mutual positions: 1) deviations of concentric circles of the pitch circle of the gears with respect to the axes of the holes; and 2) deviations of the perpendicularity of the gear faces to the centerline of the holes (swiveling the ends). Another example of the machine tool gearbox in Figure 2, in addition to the requirements of the roundness of the hole, the mutual position accuracy also requires: