如果超越政策分析者不可避免地在复杂泥潭中建立起来的某些限制,如果找不到令人满意的明智解决的标准,那么人们则会足智多谋地利用许多技术来扩大他的能力。这些能力是非常重要的,因为其中的一些会以令人惊讶的方式改变政策分析的特点。通用的工具人类的许多基本文化成就无疑是一些扩大他解决问题能力的方法。试想一下原始人类。除了讲话,他的发明、发现以及在这之上跌跟斗极大地扩大了他解决问题的能力,但是否因此也扩大了他分析公共政策的能力?人们或许首先指出书面语言(它意味着沟通的可能性),它可用来储存信息。它是如此珍贵的发明,以至可有来记录一些解决方法,省得人们非常 If you overcome some of the constraints that policy analysts have inevitably built up in a complex quagmire, and if you can not find a satisfactory and wisely-resolved standard, then people will use many techniques wisely to expand their abilities. These competencies are important because some of them change the characteristics of policy analysis in a surprising way. Common Tools Many of the basic cultural achievements of human beings are undoubtedly some ways to expand his ability to solve problems. Imagine primitive humans. Apart from his speech, his invention, discovery and follow-up to this greatly expanded his ability to solve problems, but so did he also expand his ability to analyze public policy. People may first point out the written language (which means communication Possibility), it can be used to store information. It is such a precious invention that it is even possible to document some solutions that save people very much