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俄罗斯的水资源主要由河川径流、湖泊、地下水等组成．境内水资源分布极不平衡，且存在着污染问题．俄罗斯水利管理的基本战略是建立起一套能够鼓励和促进水资源安全使用的完整机制，使得用水不会对生态环境产生破坏作用，以保障水资源的可持续利用．在具体用水中，循环用水系统在俄罗斯工业用水份额中约占84％．为了保证用水的持续性，俄罗斯联邦制订了《俄罗斯联邦水法》和各项法规、法律，对工业、生活、灌溉等用水作出了严格规定．俄罗斯的水利管理机构有联邦机构、流域机构、地方机构。所有管理机构彼此之间是有联系的，但没有严格的行政等级和隶属关系，每个机构均被赋予了严格加以确定的权力和义务．
Russia’s water resources mainly by river runoff, lakes, groundwater and other components. The distribution of water resources in China is extremely unbalanced and there are pollution problems. The basic strategy of water management in Russia is to establish a set of mechanisms that can encourage and promote the safe use of water resources so that water will not have any damaging effect on the ecological environment so as to ensure the sustainable use of water resources. In specific water use, recycled water systems account for about 84% of the share of industrial water used in Russia. In order to ensure the sustainability of water use, the Russian Federation has enacted the “Russian Federation Water Law” and various laws and regulations, which set strict rules on water use in industry, living and irrigation. Russia’s water management agencies are federal agencies, watershed agencies, local agencies. All governing bodies are linked to one another, but without strict hierarchy of administration and affiliation, each institution is given a strictly defined power and obligation.