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智利传统失业保险制度覆盖面狭窄、缺乏公平性以及存在道德风险等问题;解雇金制度虽能稳定就业,降低失业率,但在覆盖面和待遇上仍存在差异性与不公平,二者在解决失业风险问题上缺乏效率,效果不佳。在此背景下,作为“民主联盟”政府推进社会改革的重要组成部分,智利于2002年开始实施失业保险储蓄账户制度,该制度在规避道德风险、扩大覆盖范围、增强再就业激励等方面效果显著,但仍存在制度不公平、收入支持不足等问题,在能否降低管理成本上也有待进一步研究和验证。为了提升失业保险储蓄账户制度的绩效,智利于2009年对该制度进行了深化改革。失业保险储蓄账户制度的发展方向应是与现存的养老金账户相结合,建立“综合性储蓄账户制度”。
The traditional system of unemployment insurance in Chile has such problems as narrow coverage, lack of fairness and moral hazard. Although the termination payment system can stabilize employment and reduce the unemployment rate, there are still differences and unfairness in terms of coverage and treatment. Lack of efficiency on the issue, the effect is not good. In this context, as an important part of the “Democratic Union” government’s efforts to promote social reform, Chile started to implement the system of unemployment insurance savings account in 2002. The system is aimed at avoiding moral hazard, expanding coverage and enhancing re-employment incentives The effect is remarkable, but there are still some problems such as unfair system and insufficient income support, and further research and verification on whether to reduce the management cost. In order to enhance the performance of the Unemployment Insurance Savings Account System, Chile implemented a further reform of the system in 2009. The development direction of the unemployment insurance savings account system should be combined with the existing pension account to establish a “comprehensive savings account system.”