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目的了解甘肃省临夏县小学生和育龄妇女碘缺乏病防治知识知晓情况,评价健康教育在防治碘缺乏病中的作用。方法选择临夏县碘缺乏病重点乡、难点乡,开展各种形式的健康教育活动,在项目实施前后,分别调查小学生和家庭主妇的碘缺乏病防治知识知晓情况。结果通过开展综合性健康教育活动,临夏县小学生、家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识及格率由干预前的75.5%、69.1%,分别提高到干预后的98.2%、96.3%;健康教育干预后家庭主妇自觉购买碘盐的行为具有率为60.8%;正确食用碘盐行为具有率为60.3%;碘盐覆盖率由干预前的96.5%提高到干预后的99.9%;学生和妇女对“缺碘造成甲状腺肿大、智力低下、生傻孩子和碘盐是最好防治方法”等知识的知晓率有大幅度的提升。结论健康教育活动有效地提高了小学生、家庭主妇的碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率和碘盐覆盖率,增强了群众的自我保健意识,达到了项目的预期效果。
Objective To understand the knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control among primary school students and women of childbearing age in Linxia County, Gansu Province, and to evaluate the role of health education in preventing and treating iodine deficiency disorders. Methods To select the key rural township of iodine deficiency disorders in Linxia County and carry out various forms of health education activities. Before and after the implementation of the project, the knowledge of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders among primary school students and housewives were respectively investigated. Results Through comprehensive health education activities, the prevalence of iodine deficiency prevention and control among primary school students and housewives in Linxia was increased from 75.5% and 69.1% before intervention to 98.2% and 96.3% after intervention respectively. After the health education intervention, the housewife Consciously purchased iodized salt had a rate of 60.8%; the correct rate of consuming iodized salt was 60.3%; the coverage rate of iodized salt increased from 96.5% before intervention to 99.9% after intervention; students and women were less likely to have iodine deficiency Goiter, mental retardation, raw silly children and iodized salt is the best prevention and treatment methods "awareness of such knowledge has greatly improved. Conclusions Health education activities have effectively improved the awareness of iodine deficiency disease prevention and control and iodized salt coverage among primary school students and housewives, and enhanced the people’s awareness of self-care and achieved the expected results of the project.