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根据跃进农场 1999年小麦 13个品种 (系 )计 33块田的调查资料 ,采用逐步回归分析的方法 ,对冻害严重度与苗情及栽培因素的关系、产量与栽培因素及产量结构的关系、产量及产量结构与冻害恢复的关系等七个方面进行了研究。结果表明 :(1)小麦早春严重冻害后及时采取恢复措施夺得高产 ,须穗、粒、重协调发展 ,首先应确保高产所需的适宜穗数 ,并努力提高粒重和每穗实粒数。同时 ,穗数与冻害严重度密切相关 ,而产量、每穗实粒数和粒重与冻害严重度无重要相关 ,冻后恢复良好。 (2 )冻害严重度与品种的春性强弱、播期、总叶片数、冻前 P2 O5用量和冻前肥料用量(纯氮、P2 O5和 K2 O合计 )密切相关 ,与越冬至冻前 P2 O5用量有不可忽视的重要关系。因此 ,在“暖冬和早春易遭冻害”的气候条件下 ,应根据品种春性强弱 ,适当推迟播种 ,苗期喷施多效唑、机械镇压 ,冻前适当控制肥料投入 ,越冬至返青适当控氮、增磷 ,以增强小麦对早春低温冻害的防御能力。(3)小麦早春严重冻害后应及时施肥 (氮、磷配合 )促进恢复生长 ,以利穗数的增加 ,保证足穗 ,并有利于每穗实粒数的增加。同时 ,应及时防治白粉病 ,以利于粒重的提高。
According to the survey data of 13 fields of 13 varieties of wheat in Yuejin Farm in 1999, stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the severity of frost damage and the relationship between seedling conditions and cultivation factors, yield, cultivation factors and yield structure. Yield and yield structure and the relationship between the recovery of frost damage and other seven aspects were studied. The results showed that: (1) The recovery of high yield, earring, grain and timely recovery of wheat after severe frost damage in early spring should be carried out. First, the appropriate number of ears needed for high yield should be ensured, and the grain weight per ear and number of grains per ear . At the same time, panicle number is closely related to the severity of frost damage, but no significant correlation between grain yield, panicles per panicle and kernel weight and severity of frost damage, and good recovery after freezing. (2) The severity of frost damage and the springness of varieties, the sowing date, the total number of leaves, the amount of P2 O5 before freezing and the amount of fertilizer before freezing (total nitrogen, P2 O5 and K2 O) are closely related, P2 O5 dosage can not be ignored important relationship. Therefore, under the climatic conditions of “warm winter and early spring vulnerable to frost damage”, sowing should be postponed appropriately according to the spring sex of the breed, spraying paclobutrazol at the seedling stage, mechanical suppression, proper control of fertilizer input before freezing, appropriate nitrogen control , Increase phosphorus, in order to enhance the defensive ability of wheat to low temperature frost damage in early spring. (3) The wheat should be timely fertilized (nitrogen and phosphorus) to promote the growth after the severe frost damage in early spring. With the increase of spike number, the foot spike was ensured and the grain number per panicle was increased. At the same time, should be timely control powdery mildew, in order to facilitate the improvement of grain weight.