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目的了解天津市居民在外就餐情况,初步探索适合在外就餐的营养干预模式。方法在天津市选取1家综合型餐厅作为干预场所,对餐厅内就餐者进行膳食调查,并对就餐者和餐厅从业人员进行为期1年的综合性营养干预。通过收集干预前后就餐者的点菜清单,统计分析干预前后就餐者各类食物及营养素的摄入量变化。结果干预前调查人群在外就餐肉禽类、鱼虾类和盐类摄入较高,蔬菜类摄入适宜,水果、奶类、蛋类和食用油类摄入不足;午餐能量摄入不足,谷薯类和豆类摄入较低,碳水化合物、维生素A和维生素C摄入不足;晚餐能量及各类营养素摄入较高。干预后,调查人群午餐能量摄入增加,豆类、水果、蛋类和食用油类摄入增加,脂肪摄入减少,碳水化合物摄入增加;晚餐能量摄入减少,豆类、肉禽类、鱼虾类和盐类摄入减少,各类营养素摄入减少。结论天津市部分居民在外就餐膳食结构不合理,干预后膳食结构得到改善。应加强对居民的营养健康教育,指导其在外合理就餐。
Objective To understand the dining situation of residents in Tianjin and to explore the nutritional intervention mode suitable for eating out. Methods A comprehensive restaurant was selected as a place of intervention in Tianjin, a meal survey was conducted for diners in the restaurant, and a one-year comprehensive nutritional intervention was conducted for diners and restaurant employees. Before and after the intervention through the collection of diners a la carte list, statistical analysis of diners before and after meals of various types of nutrients and nutrient intake changes. Results Before the intervention, the surveyed population had higher intake of meat poultry, fish, shrimp and salt, the appropriate intake of vegetables, insufficient intake of fruits, milk, eggs and cooking oil; insufficient energy intake during lunch, Low intake of beans and class, carbohydrate, vitamin A and vitamin C intake is not enough; dinner energy and higher intake of various nutrients. After the intervention, energy intake of lunch increased, the intake of beans, fruits, eggs and cooking oil increased, fat intake decreased, carbohydrate intake increased, dinner energy intake decreased, beans, meat poultry, fish Shrimp and salt intake reduced, reduced intake of various nutrients. Conclusion Some residents in Tianjin have unreasonable dietary meals and the dietary structure is improved after the intervention. Nutrition and health education should be strengthened for residents to guide their reasonable dining outside.