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尾矿充填主要包括3种类型:尾矿砂浆充填、尾矿糊状充填(pastefill)和废矿石充填(rockfill),其中前面两种充填属于水力充填,第3种属于干式充填。3种充填方法在加拿大的矿山都有应用。压缩强度和渗透性是水力充填材料的关键力学特性,直接影响井下充填的效果。一方面,为了使充填材料具有一定的强度,必须在尾矿砂浆(slurry backfill)材料中添加水泥,其用量非常大,水泥在充填成本中占有很大的比例。另一方面,尾矿砂浆水力充填是利用水力旋流器来分级固体颗粒,颗粒较细的部分将通过溢流派到废矿池中,颗粒较粗的部分回收利用作为井下充填的材料使用,有时充填的尾矿数量不够,需要另外购置砂子混合作为充填材料。如何减少水泥的使用量和从水力旋流器底流增加尾矿砂的细颗粒的固体部分产量,以达到节约充填成本的目的,一直是矿山企业所面临的重要课题。为此,专门研究絮凝药剂对尾矿砂浆充填材料的单轴抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,絮凝药剂能够大幅度地提高尾矿砂浆充填材料的强度,而且絮凝药剂使用量有一个最优值,使强度达到最大。当过量使用絮凝药剂,尾矿砂浆充填材料的强度则有所降低。
There are mainly three types of tailings filling: tailings mortar filling, tailing pastefill and rockfill, of which the first two types belong to hydraulic filling and the third type are dry filling. Three types of filling methods are used in mines in Canada. Compressive strength and permeability are the key mechanical properties of hydraulically filled materials and have a direct impact on downhole filling. On the one hand, in order for the filling material to have a certain strength, it is necessary to add cement to the slurry backfill material in a very large amount, which accounts for a large proportion of the filling costs. On the other hand, tailings mortar hydrofilling is the use of hydrocyclones to classify solid particles, the finer particles will be sent to waste rock pools by overflow, and the coarser particles will be recycled for use as downhole fill material, sometimes Filling the tailings in an insufficient number, the need for additional purchase of sand mixed as a filling material. How to reduce the usage of cement and increase the solid part yield of fine particles of tailing sand from the underflow of hydrocyclones so as to save the filling cost has always been an important issue for mining enterprises. To this end, special research flocculant on tailings mortar filling material uniaxial compressive strength. The results show that the flocculation agent can greatly improve the strength of the tailings mortar filling material, and flocculant dosage has an optimal value, so that the maximum strength. When excessive flocculants are used, the strength of the tailings mortar filling material is reduced.