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尿路感染(UTIs)是一种常见的复发性感染，可以表现为临床症状轻微也可以严重到危及生命。尿路感染的高复发率和日益增加的细菌耐药性可能会大大加重这些感染患者的经济负担。因此，它越来越成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。在本综述中，我们介绍了病原菌是如何在宿主细胞黏附和定植，细菌菌毛在尿路感染发生发展中的重要作用，以及不同病原菌在UTIs及导管相关性尿路感染(CAUTIs)中的致病机制。阐明尿路感染中发生在宿主-病原体层面相互作用上的分子机制，以及这些相互作用在感染中导致的病理生理学后果，有助于我们进一步全面深刻理解尿路感染的发病机制。“,”Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, recurrent infections that can range from mild to life-threatening. High recurrence rates of UTIs and increasing antimicrobial resistance may place a greater financial burden on the patients with UTIs. Thus, UTIs is becoming an increasingly serious public health problem. This review summarized how pathogens adhered to and colonized host cells, the important role of bacterial pili in the development of UTIs and the pathogenic mechanisms of different pathogens in UTIs and catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions and the pathophysiological consequences of these interactions in UTIs is conducive to further understand the pathogenesis of UTIs.