牛顿物理学是十七、十八和十九世纪哲学中的一个主要因素,这是无可怀疑的。英国的经验主义,康德的哲学,孔德的实证主义(还可以举出其他一些),都是只能根据他们那个时代物理科学的背景才能了解的思想发展。二十世纪的物理科学,在达到唯物主义决定论的顶峰之后,在基本观点和基本假定方面,已经历了一番深刻的变革。同时,它在探索和了解自然界方面取得的成就已有增长,而这种物 It is beyond doubt that Newtonian physics is a major factor in the philosophy of the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. British empiricism, Kant’s philosophy, Comte’s positivism (and others) are developments that can only be understood in the light of the physical sciences of their time. After the twentieth century’s physics science reached the summit of materialistic determinism, it has undergone profound changes in its basic ideas and basic assumptions. At the same time, its achievements in the exploration and understanding of nature have increased