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乳腺X线片的广泛应用，使乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)的早期诊断率显著升高。DCIS的局部治疗模式也不断发展，从乳房切除术到乳房保留术续贯全乳放疗，再到大分割放疗及部分乳腺短程照射的应用。虽然全乳放疗疗效明确，但其在低危DCIS的应用价值仍存在争议。DCIS局部治疗的未来研究将集中于建立更精确的局部复发风险分层系统指导个体化局部治疗。本文将就DCIS的手术方式选择，术后放疗决策及局部复发风险分层系统等问题的最新研究进展和现存争议进行具体探讨。“,”With the widespread adoption of screening mammography, the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been dramatically increased. The spectrum of local treatment advances from mastectomy to breast conservation surgery plus whole breast irradiation (WBI), and hypofractionated WBI or accelerated partial breast irradiation. Although the efficacy of WBI on reducing local recurrence is clear, such benefit in the low-risk DCIS is still controversial. Further studies are required to establish a more precise local recurrence risk stratification system for better tailoring local treatment in patients with DCIS. In this review, the latest advances and controversies in surgery, radiation therapy and local recurrence risk stratification system for patients with DCIS were summarized.