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目的:分析2005~2009年武鸣县5岁以下儿童死亡的原因及特点,探讨干预措施。方法:对2005~2009年武鸣县5岁以下儿童死亡情况、死因结构及有关因素进行回顾性分析。结果:2005~2009年武鸣县5岁以下儿童死亡率总体呈平稳态势,中间略有波动。死因前5位分别为先天性异常(包括先天性心脏病)(占28.77%)、早产低出生体重(占21.79%)、意外死亡(占19.27%)、出生窒息(占10.61%)、小儿肺炎(包括新生儿吸入性肺炎)(占8.94%)。2005~2009年新生儿死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡总数的66.55%。结论:降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的重点是降低婴儿死亡率,关键在于降低新生儿死亡率。加强婚前医学检查,提高产前诊断技术水平,加大孕期保健及医学干预措施力度,可降低出生缺陷发生率;减少早产比例,加强新生儿窒息复苏培训,积极推广产、儿科适宜技术,减少儿童意外发生,提高小儿危重肺炎抢救成功率,可降低儿童死亡率。
Objective: To analyze the causes and characteristics of death among children under 5 years of age from 2005 to 2009 in Wuming County, and to explore the intervention measures. Methods: The mortality, the cause of death and the related factors of children under 5 years of age from 2005 to 2009 in Wuming County were analyzed retrospectively. Results: From 2005 to 2009, the death rate of children under 5 years of age in Wuming County showed a steady state with a slight fluctuation in the middle. The top five causes of death were congenital abnormalities (including congenital heart disease) (28.77%), premature birth low birth weight (21.79%), accidental death (19.27%), birth asphyxia (10.61%), pneumonia in children (Including neonatal aspiration pneumonia) (8.94%). From 2005 to 2009, neonatal deaths accounted for 66.55% of the total deaths of children under 5 years of age. Conclusion: The key to reducing mortality in children under 5 years of age is to reduce infant mortality, the key is to reduce neonatal mortality. Strengthen the premarital medical examination, improve the level of prenatal diagnostic techniques, increase pregnant and health care and medical interventions, can reduce the incidence of birth defects; reduce the proportion of premature birth, strengthen neonatal asphyxia recovery training, and actively promote production, pediatric appropriate technology to reduce children Accidents, improve the success rate of pediatric severe pneumonia rescue, can reduce child mortality.