尽管研究信息的文献很多,但迄今为止,对于信息一词尚无公认一致的定义。大致有三种概念。一是广义的概念,认为“信息是人们适应客观世界并使之反作用于客观世界,同客观世界进行交换内容的名称”。二是狭义的概念,把信息定义为“经组织化加以传递的数据”。三是介于广义和狭义之间的概念(姑且把它称之为一般的信息概念),或认为“信息是事物运动状态或变化特征的反映和描述形式”。应该说,三种定义都有一定的道理和长短,但若在问题研究和讨论中,同时以三种概念作为分析的标准,则会产生许多麻烦,甚至相互混淆。为此,我们倾向于选择一般的信息概念作为本文分析的基础。 Although there is a lot of literature on research information, so far there is no universally agreed definition of the term. There are roughly three concepts. First, the concept of generalization, that “information is people adapt to the objective world and make it react to the objective world, with the objective world exchange of names.” Second, the narrow concept, the information is defined as “the data passed by the organization.” Third, the concept between generalized and narrow sense (let’s call it a general concept of information), or “information is a reflection and description of the state of things or changing features.” It should be said that all three definitions have some truth and length. However, if the three concepts are used as the standard of analysis in the research and discussion of the problems, they will cause many troubles or even be confused with each other. For this reason, we tend to choose the general concept of information as the basis of our analysis.