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本文评价东南亚8个沿海综合管理(ICM)计划的实施情况,这些计划是通过ASEAN/US CRM沿海资源管理计划(1986～1992年)和GEF/UNDP/IMO防止和控制东南亚海域海洋污染的区域计划(1994年至今)实施的。评价以常用的性能指数为基础,以测定规划和实施过程中(过程指数)、减少环境介质造成的压力(压力指数),确保规划持续性进行(可持续性指数)、以及遏止环境恶化或环境质量改善状况(环境状态指数)所取得的成果。所有的8个TCM计划成功地实现了问题识别和规划构成的要求。但是,只有在菲律宾八打雁湾和中国厦门的2个ICM计划达到了实施阶段。作者讨论了ICM计划实施13年的实践经验教训,包括在东南亚7个地区实施的8个ICM计划的产生和实现过程。讨论内容包括ICM的概念,计划的时间期限、执行监督、计划设计、管理问题的选择和重点安排,管理边界、研究和讨论、ICM计划的发展和实施周期、提交地方政府机构、机构组织,公民环境意识以及培养地区人员能力。
This paper assesses the implementation of eight integrated coastal management (ICM) programs in Southeast Asia through the ASEAN / US CRM Coastal Resource Management Program (1986-1992) and GEF / UNDP / IMO Regional Plans to Prevent and Control Marine Pollution in South-East Asia (Since 1994). The evaluation is based on commonly used performance indices to measure planning and implementation (process indices), reducing the stress caused by environmental media (stress index), ensuring continuity of planning (sustainability index), and deterring environmental degradation or the environment Quality Improvement Status (Environmental Status Index) Results achieved. All eight TCM programs successfully implemented the requirements for problem identification and planning. However, only two ICM projects in Batangas in the Philippines and Xiamen in China reached the implementation stage. The authors discuss 13 years of practical experience with the ICM program, including the generation and implementation of eight ICM programs in seven regions of South East Asia. The discussion will include the concept of the ICM, planned deadlines, executive oversight, program design, selection of management issues and priorities, management of boundaries, research and discussion, development and implementation cycles of the ICM program, submission to local government agencies, agencies, citizens Environmental awareness and training of local personnel.