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热休克蛋白（ＨＳＰ，ｈｅａｔｈｏｃｋｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）是应激后细胞内优先合成的一组蛋白质，又称为应激蛋白（ＣＳＰ，ｓｔｒｅｓｓｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ），或分子伴侣（ｃｈａｐｅｒｏｎｅｓ）。它具有重要的细胞功能，如细胞内运输，新合成的蛋白质分子的折叠、组装与转运，变性功能蛋白分子的降解，线粒体蛋白质分子的跨膜转位等。剧烈运动能够诱导热休克蛋白的合成，目前研究发现在运动应激时ＨＳＰ７０家族的诱导表达和运动时应激强度呈正相关，不同类型的骨骼肌纤维中ＨＳＰ７０的表达有不同的特点。
Heathock protein (HSP) is a group of proteins preferentially synthesized in cells after stress, which is also called stress protein (CSP) or chaperones. It has important cellular functions such as intracellular trafficking, folding, assembly and transport of newly synthesized protein molecules, degradation of denatured functional protein molecules, transmembrane translocation of mitochondrial protein molecules and the like. Strenuous exercise can induce the synthesis of heat shock proteins. At present, it is found that there is a positive correlation between the expression of HSP70 in exercise stress and the intensity of exercise stress. The expression of HSP70 in different types of skeletal muscle fibers has different characteristics.