方苞是清代桐城派文化的创始者,以“布衣宰相”入上书房,参赞康熙晚年机枢重务,后又为雍正顾问机密,咨询方略,不仅为一代文学魁首,而且政治眼光深邃。他提议“观圣孙”,帮助康熙在众多皇子中选储君而决疑,一言兴两代王朝。《辕马说》表现了方苞在识人辨才上的独到之处,发展和突破了古代的“相马学”。“千金买骨”、“伯乐一顾”问世以来,以千里马喻杰出人才,以伯乐喻千里马的知音的“相马学”十分流行。历史上亦不乏能“相马”的“伯乐”。然而,古代“伯乐”主要以经验和主观意识“相马”,留下了更多的“相马”失误的史料。孙权嫌庞统丑陋,而不见其奇智大勇;孔明认为马谡能言兵,误遣其为先锋而丢失街亭;赵佶喜欢踢得一脚好球的高俅而错提其为太尉等等。正因为古代“相马学”的不科学,才有“千里马常有,而伯乐不常有”的哀鸣,才有“冯唐易老,李广难封”的悲剧。许多“千里马”,有心报国,无路请缨,老死槽枥。 Fang Bao was the founder of the Tongcheng School of Culture in the Qing Dynasty. He entered the study with “the prime minister” and the Counselor Kangxi’s pivotal task in his later years. Later, he consulted on the secrets and consultative strategies of Yongzheng not only for the first generation of literature but also for his profound political vision. He proposed “view the holy grandson,” Kangxi help many princes in the election Chujun and the suspicion, in one word Xing Dynasty two generations. “Yuan Man said,” the performance of Fang Bao in recognition of the uniqueness of people, to develop and break through the ancient “Seimas.” Since the advent of “daughter buy gold” and “bole music”, it has become very popular to use “Maxima”, a famous pupil known by thousands of miles of mahjong as a talented person, and a poet known as Maxima. There is no shortage of history in the “phase” of “Bole.” However, the ancient “Bole” mainly “phase” with experience and subjective consciousness, leaving more historical data of the “horse-making” mistakes. Sun Quan suspected Pang Tong ugly, but not its wisdom and courage; Kong Ming think the horse can speak soldiers, mistakenly sent pioneers and lost street kiosks; Zhao Xi like kicked kick Gao Qiao and wrong to mention its too Qiu and so on. Precisely because of the unscientific nature of ancient “study of horsemanship,” there is the tragedy of “old Maxima, while rare in Bó Lè”, and only in the tragedy of “Feng Tang Yi is old and Li Guang is hard to seal.” Many “Maxima”, dedicated to serve the country, no way to ask Ying, dead and stubborn.